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* تفسير Tafsir al-Tustari

{ وَٱللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِّنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجاً وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِّنْ أَزْوَاجِكُم بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً وَرَزَقَكُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَاتِ أَفَبِٱلْبَاطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَبِنِعْمَتِ ٱللَّهِ هُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ }

…And made for you out of your mates, children (banūn) and grandchildren (ḥafada)…He said:The following saying is transmitted from Ibn Masʿūd : ‘Ḥafada are the in-laws.’ According to Ibn ʿAbbās y, children (banūn) refers to the children of the children, and grandchildren (ḥafada) refers to those among them who help their father in his work.According to Ḍaḥḥāk, ḥafada are the servants devoted to God in willing compliance (ījāban), without their asking of anyone except Him.His words:

Tafsīr al-Tustarī, trans. Annabel Keeler and Ali Keeler
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