and by the witness Friday and the witnessed the day of ‘Arafa — that is how these three elements have been explained in hadīth for the first one is ‘promised’ the second one is ‘a witness’ that testifies to deeds performed in it while the third is ‘witnessed’ by mankind and angels the introductory particle of the response to the oath has been omitted but is implied to be laqad ‘verily’ sc. laqad qutila ashābu’l-ukhdūd
